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Cyanea solanacea

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha], hāhā nui [haha nui], pōpolo [popolo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 2–5 m tall.

Stems: Stems branched, muricate to aculeate (densely so in juveniles).

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades dimorphic, juveniles pinnately cleft to divided, blades 20–40 cm long, 6–13 cm wide (across the segments), segments 9–13 per side, oblong to oblanceolate or triangular, 10–25 mm wide; adults elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, blades 16–36 cm long, 4–14 cm wide. Apex of juvenilles acute or obtuse; adults apex acuminate or acute. Base cuneate (adult plants). Juveniles: Upper surfaces green, papillose to aculeate; lower surfaces pale green, pubescent and muricate to aculeate; adults Upper surfaces green, glabrous or papillose; lower surfaces pale green, pubescent. Margins (in juvenile plants) with segments irregularly lobed to divided; adults margins irregularly callose–dentate, lobed, or cleft. Juveniles petioles 2.5–5 cm long, pubescent and muricate to aculeate; adults petioles 2.5–6 cm long, glabrous or pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–10–flowered, peduncles 20–50 mm long, pedicels 8–12 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); hypanthium oblong to obconical, 8–10 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, glabrous, pubescent, or muricate. Calyx lobes oblong or ovate, 4–15 mm long, 3–6 mm wide, apex obtuse to truncate or emarginate, sometimes with an apiculation. Corolla white tinged with pale lilac, 48–60 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, pubescent or rarely subglabrous, the tube suberect to gently curved, the lobes spreading, ¾ as long to as long as the tube. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column pubescent; anthers pubescent, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries orange; ellipsoid; 11–16 mm long; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds numerous.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest; Moloka'i and possibly West Maui.

Elevation Range: 1,080–1,190 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 259 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:462 (Mo, WM? [based on a few sterile spms. from Pu‘u Kukui]); Note: remove M [due to the ambiguous identity of the spms.]

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 177 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
2 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1910-05-01
3 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7785 Molokai BISH 1928-04-13
4 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 375 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
5 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 314 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
6 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14036 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
7 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14036 Molokai BISH 1918-05-01
8 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Williams, F.X. Molokai BISH 1933-12-04
9 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 314 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
10 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 314 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
11 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13116 Molokai BISH 1918-07-01
12 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14036 Molokai BISH 1918-05-01
13 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 375 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
14 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH 1870-01-01
15 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
16 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH 1870-01-01
17 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH 1920-01-01
18 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In mesic forest near streambed Preserved_Specimen Bakutis, A. Molokai BISH 2014-10-04
19 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12521 Molokai BISH 1915-05-06
20 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 314 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
21 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7787 Molokai BISH 1928-05-24
22 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH 1870-01-01
23 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Molokai BISH
24 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `Ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m. tall. Corolla white w/ light purple streaks; calyx green. Higashino, P.K. 9465 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
25 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. polymorpha & var glaberrima, Cheirodendron trigynum, Melicope clusiifolia, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium menziesii, Sticherus owhyhensis, Athyrium microphyllum, Astelia menziesiana, Cyanea solenocalyx, Cyrtandra grayana, Smilax melastomifolia, Broussaisia arguta, Anoectochilus sandvicensis, Sadleria pallida, Peperomia Preserved_Specimen Branched treelets to 3m tall; young leaves more deeply lobed but not pinnate or bipinnate as at Kamakou Preserve/Puu Alii/Hanalilolilo area. Fruit orange, calyx lobes caducous; sap white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11511 Molokai BISH 2015-01-27
26 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 3 plants observed along intermittent stream bank in dense shade. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Ilex, Rubus, Diplazium, Pneumatopteris, Asplenium, Astelia, Coprosma, Cyanea, Cyrtandra, Viola, Cibotium, Sadleria, Selaginella, Peperomia, Athyrium, Callistopteris, Lycopodium, Sphenomeris, Nothoperanema, Machaerina, Carex, Stenogyne. Preserved_Specimen Branched; latex white; flowers greenish white, juvenile leaves purple on abaxial surface. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110601 Molokai BISH 2006-11-01
27 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Clidemia, Cyrtandra, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Vandenboschia, Asplenium, Dryopteris, Clermontia, Carex, Athyrium, Kadua, Psidium, Youngia, Ageratum, Diplazium, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Two mature plants, fruit orange, sepals persistent, white latex, 2-3m tall, one plant with 14 ramettes, stems spiny for lower 1.5m, plus two seedlings beneath. Oppenheimer, H.L. 121409 Molokai BISH 2014-12-05
28 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along bank deeply shaded by Cheirodendron, Metrosideros, Athyrium spp. & Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.3 m tall. Harrison, B. 554 Maui BISH 1973-06-01
29 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. With Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Diplazium sandwichianum, Mysine lessertiana, Cibotium, Smilax, Hedychium gardnerianum Preserved_Specimen Hybrid. Cross between C. solanceae and C. solenocalyx, 5 ft ht with flowers, flowers are like C. solenocalyx, leaves are like C. solanacea Perlman, S. 23014 Molokai BISH 2012-09-27
30 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Top of ridge, west side Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3402 Molokai BISH 1938-09-21
31 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Clidemia, Cyrtandra, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Vandenboschia, Asplenium, Dryopteris, Clermontia, Carex, Athyrium, Kadua, Psidium, Youngia, Ageratum, Diplazium, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Rare, single 3m tall plant observed on east side of stream below waterfall. Fruit orange, sepals persistent. Oppenheimer, H.L. 121412 Molokai BISH 2014-12-05
32 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Ohia forest with native shrubs/matted fern and some treeferns in the understory. Preserved_Specimen 2 cm. Diam; 2.8 m. tall; 2 branches. Warshauer, F.R. 2431 Molokai BISH 1979-07-15
33 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain Forest shrubby slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22135 Molokai BISH 1952-03-15
34 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `Ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m. tall. Corolla white w/ light purple streaks; calyx green. Higashino, P.K. 9465 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
35 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on streambank with `ohi`a, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Sadleria and Athyrium. Preserved_Specimen Succulent shrub 5' tall, leaves whorled at tips of branches which were covered with 1/4 long tan spines, sap white. Only 2 immature inflorescences 1/2 long in axils. Anderson, S.J. 554 Molokai BISH 1982-05-29
36 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8813 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
37 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In mesic forest near streambed Preserved_Specimen Bakutis, A. Molokai BISH 2014-10-04
38 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `Ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m. tall. Corolla white w/ light purple streaks; calyx green. Higashino, P.K. 9465 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
39 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8794 Molokai BISH 1910-03-01
40 Cyanea solanacea Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Branching tree, 15 ft. high. St.John, H. 12548 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
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